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An examination of coined money and its significance to rulers, aristocrats and peasants in early medieval EuropeBetween the end of the Roman Empire in the fifth century and the economic transformations of the twelfth, coined money in western Europe was scarce and high in value, difficult for the majority of the population to make use of. And yet, as Rory Naismith shows in this illuminating study, coined money was made and used throughout early medieval Europe. It was, he argues, a powerful tool for articulating people’s place in economic and social structures and an important gauge for levels of economic complexity. Working from the premise that using coined money carried special significance when there was less of it around, Naismith uses detailed case studies from the Mediterranean and Northern Europe to propose a new reading of early medieval money as a point of contact between economic, social, and institutional history.Naismith examines structural issues, including the mining and circulation of metal and the use of bullion and other commodities as money, and then offers a chronological account of monetary development, discussing the post-Roman period of gold coinage, the rise of the silver penny in the seventh century and the reconfiguration of elite power in relation to coinage in the tenth and eleventh centuries. In the process, he counters the conventional view of early medieval currency as the domain only of elite gift-givers and intrepid long-distance traders. Even when there were few coins in circulation, Naismith argues, the ways they were used—to give gifts, to pay rents, to spend at markets—have much to tell us.

Coinage --- History --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- Britain. --- Coinage. --- Commerce. --- Economy. --- Europe. --- Government. --- Medieval. --- Mediterranean. --- Monetary. --- Money. --- Scandinavia. --- States. --- Trade. --- Vikings.

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De Normandiërs van Levi Roach vertelt het verhaal van de onstuitbare Normandiërs die Engeland wisten te veroveren en vervolgens bijna heel Europa domineerden.14 oktober 1066. De hertog van Normandië, Willem de Bastaard, wint de Slag bij Hastings en niet veel later is de verovering van Engeland een feit. Het bezorgt hem zijn nieuwe bijnaam: Willem de Veroveraar. Hij wordt de eerste Normandische koning van Engeland, het tijdperk van de Normandiërs is aangebroken. Willem en zijn krijgszuchtige opvolgers leggen niet alleen de basis voor het moderne Groot-Brittannië, anderhalve eeuw lang domineren ze bijna heel Europa, tot aan Noord-Afrika en het Midden-Oosten.Levi Roach vertelt een verhaal van ambitieuze avonturen en woeste plunderaars, van fortuin maken en fortuinen verliezen. In De Normandiërs laat hij zien hoe de legendarische Noorman Rollo en zijn afstammelingen hun stempel op de wereld drukten: als huurlingen in Zuid-Italië en Klein-Azië, als kruisvaarders in het Heilige Land en Spanje, als veroveraars in Engeland, Wales, Albanië, Tunesië en, niet te vergeten, Noordwest-Frankrijk. Ze combineerden militaire overmacht met politieke gewiekstheid en een diepe overtuiging van hun eigen lotsbestemming. Acht eeuwen later brengt Roach de verbluffende geschiedenis van de Normandiërs opnieuw tot leven.(https://www.amboanthos.nl/boek/de-normandiers/)

History of Europe --- vorstenhuizen --- Europese geschiedenis --- Vikingen --- middeleeuwen --- anno 900-999 --- anno 1000-1099 --- anno 1100-1199 --- anno 1200-1299 --- Normandy --- 940.14 --- 936.8 --- 940.18 --- 940.14 Geschiedenis van Europa:--843-1096 --- Geschiedenis van Europa:--843-1096 --- 940.18 Geschiedenis van Europa:--1096-1270 --- Geschiedenis van Europa:--1096-1270 --- 936.8 Geschiedenis van de Scandinaviërs, de Noormannen en de Vikings --- Geschiedenis van de Scandinaviërs, de Noormannen en de Vikings --- Geschiedenis --- Middeleeuwen --- Groot-Brittannië --- Willem I de Veroveraar (koning van Engeland)

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For four hundred years, Norse settlers battled to make southern Greenland a new, sustainable home. They strove against gales and winter cold, food shortages and in the end a shifting climate. The remnants they left behind speak of their determination to wrest an existence at the foot of this vast, icy and challenging wilderness. Yet finally, seemingly suddenly, they vanished; and their mysterious disappearance in the fifteenth century has posed a riddle to scholars ever since. What happened to the lost Viking colonists? For centuries people assumed their descendants could still be living, so expeditions went to find them: to no avail. Robert Rix tells the gripping story of the missing pioneers, placing their poignant history in the context of cultural discourse and imperial politics. Ranging across fiction, poetry, navigation, reception and tales of exploration, he expertly delves into one of the most contested questions in the annals of colonization.

Vikings --- Vikings in literature. --- Legends --- History. --- History and criticism. --- Greenland --- Discovery and exploration --- Norse. --- In literature. --- Folk tales --- Traditions --- Urban legends --- Folklore --- Northmen --- Grønland --- Groenlandia --- Grenlandii︠a︡ --- Groilandia --- Grænland --- Groenland --- Kalaallit Nunaat --- Gruntland --- Engronelant --- Engroneland --- Gronlandia --- Grēneland --- Qrenlandiya --- Chhen̳-tē --- Грэнландыя --- Hrėnlandyi︠a︡ --- Grenland --- Greunland --- Гренландия --- Гренланди --- Grenlandi --- Калааллит Нунаат --- Grónsko --- Ynys Las --- Lasynys --- Haʼaʼaahjí Hakʼaz Dineʼé Bikéyah --- Grónlandska --- Gröönimaa --- Γροιλανδία --- Gronlando --- Grenlando --- Grienlân --- Ghraonlainn --- Greenlynn --- Çheer y Sniaghtey --- Grenlandia --- Гринлэндин Арл --- Grinlėndin Arl --- 그린란드 --- Gŭrinlandŭ --- Akukittut --- גרינלנד --- Grinland --- Goronulande --- Grenlande --- Grenlandija --- Groenlandi --- Гренланд --- Groentlālpan --- Gruunlaand --- グリーンランド --- Gurīnrando --- Greenlun --- Griinland --- Verdi-lande --- Гренландий --- Grenlandiĭ --- Gröönland --- Gronelândia --- Groelândia --- Groenlanda --- Kalalit Nunat --- Grunlandya --- Gräinlound --- Groenlannia --- Grynlandyjo --- Grönlanti --- Lupanlunti --- Ґренландія --- Groenlaand --- גרינלאנד --- Grínlándì --- Grenlandėjė --- 格陵兰 --- Gelinglan --- Kalâtdlit-Nunât